Saturday, November 1, 2025

Question Bank :Port and Terminal Management


🧭 UNIT 1 – PORTS & TERMINALS

Bloom’s Five Cognitive Levels:

1️⃣ Remembering 2️⃣ Understanding 3️⃣ Applying 4️⃣ Analyzing 5️⃣ Evaluating / Creating

CHAPTER 1: PORTS & TERMINALS (1.1 – 1.8)

Topics: Major & Minor Ports, State-Owned Ports, Natural Harbors, Major World Ports, Port Officials, Container Terminals, PPP Projects, Privatization, Specialized Terminals

🔹 Level 1 – REMEMBERING (Knowledge-Based)

Verbs: Define, List, Identify, Recall, State

Short Notes:

  1. Define a port and a terminal.

  2. List any five major ports in India.

  3. Identify the difference between major and minor ports.

  4. State the largest port in the world.

  5. List any four state-owned ports in India.

  6. Name three major terminal operators in India.

  7. Recall two reasons for privatization of terminals.

  8. Define a natural harbor and give one example.

  9. List any two new ports being developed in India.

  10. Identify any two types of specialized terminals.

Long Notes:

  1. Describe the major and minor ports of India and their geographical locations.

  2. Explain the role of port officials and port users in port management.

  3. Discuss various types of terminals and their importance in trade.

  4. Describe the process of privatization of port terminals in India.

🔹 Level 2 – UNDERSTANDING (Comprehension)

Verbs: Explain, Describe, Discuss, Summarize

Short Notes:

  1. Explain the role of ports in international trade and economy.

  2. Describe the characteristics of natural harbors.

  3. Explain why containerization became essential for port growth.

  4. Discuss the objectives of PPP in port development.

  5. Explain how ports contribute to regional development.

  6. Describe how terminal operators help in efficient port functioning.

Long Notes:

  1. Discuss in detail the reasons for privatization and the benefits achieved through PPP projects.

  2. Explain the importance of specialized terminals (coal, LNG, liquid bulk) in modern trade.

  3. Describe how new ports are planned and developed in India.

  4. Summarize the roles of different authorities involved in port management.

🔹 Level 3 – APPLYING (Practical Application)

Verbs: Apply, Demonstrate, Use, Show, Illustrate

Short Notes:

  1. Show how PPP models can be applied to port infrastructure.

  2. Illustrate how private operators improve port efficiency.

  3. Apply the concept of terminal privatization to a medium-sized port.

  4. Use examples to explain how terminal capacity is enhanced through modernization.

  5. Demonstrate how port performance is measured.

Long Notes:

  1. Apply PPP framework to design a development plan for a small Indian port.

  2. Illustrate the role of major global operators in improving Indian terminal efficiency.

  3. Show how container terminals handle export and import cargo.

  4. Use practical examples to show the link between terminal efficiency and trade competitiveness.

🔹 Level 4 – ANALYZING (Critical Thinking)

Verbs: Analyze, Compare, Distinguish, Examine, Investigate

Short Notes:

  1. Compare the performance of public and private ports in India.

  2. Examine the challenges faced during privatization.

  3. Distinguish between major ports of Asia and Europe.

  4. Analyze how privatization has affected employment and investment.

  5. Investigate the challenges of developing new ports in India.

Long Notes:

  1. Analyze the advantages and drawbacks of PPP in Indian ports.

  2. Compare the major ports of India with major global ports in terms of infrastructure and capacity.

  3. Examine the effectiveness of private terminal operators in improving port performance.

  4. Analyze the strategic importance of port privatization for India’s maritime growth.

🔹 Level 5 – EVALUATING / CREATING (Judgment & Innovation)

Verbs: Evaluate, Propose, Design, Justify, Recommend

Short Notes:

  1. Evaluate the necessity of privatization in port growth.

  2. Propose steps for sustainable port development.

  3. Justify PPP as a preferred model for port modernization.

  4. Recommend strategies for improving port efficiency.

Long Notes:

  1. Design a new port model suitable for India’s future trade requirements.

  2. Evaluate the global role of terminal operators like DP World, PSA, and APM Terminals.

  3. Propose a policy framework for public-private partnership in the port sector.

  4. Develop a long-term plan to make Indian ports globally competitive.

CHAPTER 2: TERMINAL OPERATIONS (2.1 – 2.6)

Topics: Import & Export Cycle, Yard & Ship Planning, Container Monitoring, Types of Ships & Containers, CFS & ICD, Congestion

🔹 Level 1 – REMEMBERING

Short Notes:

  1. Define import and export cycles.

  2. List any four facilities in a terminal.

  3. Identify types of ships used for bulk cargo.

  4. Recall the meaning of yard planning.

  5. Define hazardous and refrigerated containers.

  6. Name the main causes of terminal congestion.

  7. List the types of containers used for shipping.

  8. Identify the role of CFS in logistics.

Long Notes:

  1. Describe the step-by-step process of import and export cycle.

  2. Explain the key functions of a CFS and ICD.

  3. Describe different types of ships used in port operations.

🔹 Level 2 – UNDERSTANDING

Short Notes:

  1. Explain yard planning and vessel ship planning.

  2. Discuss the process of stacking and monitoring containers.

  3. Describe the concept of hazardous cargo handling.

  4. Explain the role of CFS inside a port terminal.

  5. Describe reasons for congestion in terminals.

Long Notes:

  1. Discuss the facilities available in a modern container terminal.

  2. Explain the difference between CFS and ICD.

  3. Describe the steps to decongest a terminal efficiently.

  4. Discuss the importance of proper container monitoring systems.

🔹 Level 3 – APPLYING

Short Notes:

  1. Apply safety measures in handling hazardous containers.

  2. Use yard planning techniques to manage container stacking.

  3. Demonstrate how vessel planning improves port productivity.

  4. Apply best practices to reduce congestion.

  5. Show how ICDs support inland logistics.

Long Notes:

  1. Apply import/export cycle knowledge to real-time cargo flow.

  2. Design a plan for decongesting a busy terminal.

  3. Illustrate with examples how refrigerated containers are monitored.

  4. Show how digital yard systems optimize container movement.

🔹 Level 4 – ANALYZING

Short Notes:

  1. Analyze the differences between import and export processes.

  2. Compare the functions of CFS and ICD.

  3. Examine the reasons for port congestion.

  4. Distinguish between types of cargo handling systems.

Long Notes:

  1. Analyze the impact of poor yard planning on terminal efficiency.

  2. Compare manual vs automated container tracking systems.

  3. Examine the key factors affecting turnaround time of vessels.

  4. Analyze how infrastructure limitations lead to congestion.

🔹 Level 5 – EVALUATING / CREATING

Short Notes:

  1. Propose innovative solutions for container monitoring.

  2. Evaluate the effectiveness of digital ship planning.

  3. Justify the importance of automation in terminals.

  4. Recommend measures for reducing congestion.

Long Notes:

  1. Design an efficient model for yard and vessel planning.

  2. Evaluate the contribution of ICDs to India’s trade efficiency.

  3. Develop a complete workflow chart for export cargo movement.

  4. Propose a smart terminal concept using AI and IoT for port operations.

CHAPTER 3: PORT ADMINISTRATION & SAFETY (3.1 – 3.9)

Topics: Major Port Trust Act, Cargo Types, Port Tariff, Pilots, Tugs, Berthing, ISPS, SOLAS, Port Damage, Quarantine

🔹 Level 1 – REMEMBERING

Short Notes:

  1. Define the Major Port Trust Act.

  2. List types of cargo handled at ports.

  3. Identify duties of port pilots.

  4. Define “Berth.”

  5. List any four port tariffs.

  6. Recall the meaning of ISPS and SOLAS.

  7. State what “light dues” are.

  8. Identify two quarantine procedures.

Long Notes:

  1. Describe the powers of port authorities under the Major Port Trust Act.

  2. Explain the duties of pilots and tugs in navigation and berthing.

🔹 Level 2 – UNDERSTANDING

Short Notes:

  1. Explain the role of ports as custodians of cargo.

  2. Discuss the meaning of transit sheds and their importance.

  3. Describe the need for light dues.

  4. Explain different types of berthing.

  5. Discuss the procedure of tariff revision.

Long Notes:

  1. Explain the types of cargo and goods handled at ports.

  2. Describe the ISPS and SOLAS safety codes.

  3. Discuss how ports ensure cargo safety and security.

  4. Explain how quarantine guidelines affect import/export procedures.

🔹 Level 3 – APPLYING

Short Notes:

  1. Apply ISPS and SOLAS standards in port safety.

  2. Demonstrate how port tariff is computed.

  3. Show how pilotage is used in vessel navigation.

  4. Apply procedures for cargo compensation and confiscation.

  5. Use safety rules to prevent property damage.

Long Notes:

  1. Apply your understanding to develop a safety checklist for port operations.

  2. Demonstrate the process of export clearance using a flowchart.

  3. Use examples to explain the importance of berthing management.

🔹 Level 4 – ANALYZING

Short Notes:

  1. Analyze how tariffs impact port competitiveness.

  2. Examine the reasons for cargo damage at ports.

  3. Compare day and night navigation systems.

  4. Analyze the process of cargo confiscation.

Long Notes:

  1. Analyze the relationship between tariffs, costs, and port performance.

  2. Examine the role of pilots and tugs in reducing navigation risks.

  3. Compare traditional safety systems with ISPS-based security systems.

  4. Analyze the importance of compliance with quarantine laws.

🔹 Level 5 – EVALUATING / CREATING

Short Notes:

  1. Evaluate the importance of port safety standards.

  2. Propose a new safety protocol for hazardous cargo handling.

  3. Recommend improvements in tariff systems.

  4. Justify the role of ISPS and SOLAS for modern port operations.

Long Notes:

  1. Design an export clearance flowchart showing all procedures.

  2. Evaluate the effect of safety laws on port productivity.

  3. Develop a model policy for handling cargo damage and compensation.

  4. Propose reforms to make the Major Port Trust Act more effective.

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QUESTION BANK – FOREIGN EXCHANGE & FOREX MANAGEMENT

 


     

QUESTION BANK –

FOREIGN EXCHANGE & FOREX MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE

1.1 Introduction to Foreign Exchange

Bloom’s Level 1 – Remember

  1. Define foreign exchange.

  2. What is meant by foreign exchange rate?

Bloom’s Level 2 – Understand
3. Explain the need for foreign exchange in international trade.
4. Discuss briefly how foreign exchange facilitates global business.

Bloom’s Level 3 – Apply
5. Illustrate with an example how exchange of currency takes place between two countries.

Bloom’s Level 4 – Analyze
6. Compare foreign exchange with domestic currency markets.

Bloom’s Level 5 – Evaluate
7. Evaluate the impact of foreign exchange on a country’s economic stability.

1.2 Meaning and Significance of Foreign Exchange

Short Notes:

  • Meaning of foreign exchange

  • Significance in international trade

Bloom’s Questions:

  1. (Remember) Define the term “Foreign Exchange Market.”

  2. (Understand) Why is foreign exchange significant for international business?

  3. (Apply) Give an example of how exchange rate fluctuations affect exporters and importers.

  4. (Analyze) Discuss how foreign exchange availability affects a country’s trade balance.

  5. (Evaluate) Examine the importance of exchange rate stability in maintaining investor confidence.

1.3 Overview of Foreign Exchange Market

(Corporates, Commercial Banks, Exchange Brokers, Central Banks)

Short Answer:

  1. List the participants of the foreign exchange market.

  2. What is the role of commercial banks in forex trading?

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the structure and participants of the foreign exchange market.

  2. Discuss the role of the central bank in maintaining exchange rate stability.

  3. Differentiate between the roles of corporates, brokers, and banks in forex operations.

1.4 Spot, Forward – Concepts and Computation; SWIFT, CHIPS

Short Answer Questions:

  1. Define spot rate and forward rate.

  2. What is SWIFT? What is its role in foreign exchange?

  3. Write a short note on CHIPS.

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain the concept of spot and forward transactions with examples.

  2. Discuss the importance of SWIFT and CHIPS in international payment systems.

  3. Compute the forward rate given the following:
    Spot rate = ₹82.50/$; Forward premium = ₹0.30 — Find 1-month forward rate.

1.5 Merchant Rates and Interbank Transactions

Short Answer:

  1. What are merchant rates?

  2. Differentiate between merchant and interbank rates.

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the types of merchant rates with examples.

  2. Discuss the process of interbank foreign exchange transactions.

1.6 Factors Determining Exchange Rates

Short Answer:

  1. List any four factors influencing exchange rates.

  2. What is purchasing power parity theory?

Long Answer:

  1. Discuss the various factors determining exchange rates.

  2. Explain how interest rate differentials and inflation affect exchange rates.

  3. Analyze the impact of government intervention and market speculation on exchange rate movements.

CHAPTER 2: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE IN INDIA

2.1 FEMA 1999: Overview, Objectives, RBI’s Role

Short Answer:

  1. What is FEMA?

  2. State any two objectives of FEMA 1999.

  3. What is the role of RBI under FEMA?

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the key provisions and objectives of FEMA 1999.

  2. Discuss the powers and responsibilities of RBI in foreign exchange regulation.

  3. Compare FEMA with the earlier FERA Act.

2.2 Regulatory Provisions for Resident & Non-Resident Individuals

(LRS, Foreign Currency Accounts, Investments Abroad)

Short Answer:

  1. What is the Liberalized Remittance Scheme (LRS)?

  2. Who are considered “residents” and “non-residents” under FEMA?

  3. What are FCNR accounts?

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the key regulatory provisions for residents and non-residents under FEMA.

  2. Discuss the features and limits of the Liberalized Remittance Scheme (LRS).

  3. Describe different types of foreign currency accounts available in India and abroad.

2.3 Remittances, Deposits, Borrowings by NRIs

Short Answer:

  1. Define NRE and NRO accounts.

  2. What are the permissible modes of remittance by NRIs?

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the rules governing NRI deposits, borrowings, and remittances.

  2. Discuss the RBI guidelines for NRI investments in India.

2.4 Regulatory Provisions for Resident & Non-Resident Entities

(Import/Export, ECB, FPI, FDI, LO/BO/PO)

Short Answer:

  1. What is ECB?

  2. Define FDI and FPI.

  3. What are LO, BO, and PO in foreign entity operations?

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the FEMA regulations related to import and export of goods and services.

  2. Discuss the regulatory framework for ECB, FDI, and FPI in India.

  3. Describe the establishment procedures and compliance for LO/BO/PO of foreign entities.

CHAPTER 3: FOREX INSTITUTIONS, ETHICS & RISK MANAGEMENT

3.1 Role of FEDAI and Ethics in Forex Operations

(Functions, Rules, Crystallization, Interest, Swap Pricing)

Short Answer:

  1. What is FEDAI?

  2. Mention any two functions of FEDAI.

  3. What is swap pricing?

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the role and functions of FEDAI in foreign exchange operations.

  2. Describe the concept of crystallization and interest application in forex transactions.

  3. Discuss how FEDAI ensures uniform practices and ethical standards among authorized dealers.

3.2 Code of Conduct, Ethics & Corporate Governance in Forex Operations

Short Answer:

  1. Define ethics in forex operations.

  2. What is the importance of corporate governance in banking?

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the code of conduct and ethical principles to be followed in forex operations.

  2. Discuss the role of ethics and governance in maintaining credibility in forex markets.

3.3 Compliance Requirements for Authorized Dealers (ADs)

Short Answer:

  1. Who are Authorized Dealers (ADs)?

  2. Mention any two compliance requirements for ADs.

Long Answer:

  1. Discuss the compliance framework prescribed by RBI for Authorized Dealers.

  2. Explain the importance of KYC and anti-money laundering (AML) norms in forex operations.

3.4 Exchange Contracts – Booking, Extension, Cancellation, Swap Costs

Short Answer:

  1. What is an exchange contract?

  2. Define forward contract booking.

Long Answer:

  1. Explain the process of booking, extending, and cancelling foreign exchange contracts.

  2. Discuss the concept of swap cost and its calculation in forex transactions.

3.5 Foreign Exchange Risks and Mitigation Tools

(Transaction, Translation, Economic Exposures; Options, Swaps, Hedging)

Short Answer:

  1. List the types of foreign exchange risks.

  2. Define hedging.

  3. What are options and swaps?

Long Answer:

  1. Explain different types of foreign exchange risks: transaction, translation, and economic.

  2. Discuss the various risk mitigation tools used in forex management.

  3. Analyze the effectiveness of hedging techniques in reducing currency risk.

  4. Compare the advantages and limitations of forward contracts, options, and swaps.

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Question Bank : Fundamentals Of Supply Chain Management

 

UNIT 1 – Supply Chain & Supply Chain Management

1.1 Supply Chain & Supply Chain Management – Concepts, Stages, Objectives, Importance, Decision Phases, Process Views, and Process Flows

Short Answer Questions:

  1. Define Supply Chain.

  2. What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)?

  3. Mention the stages of a supply chain.

  4. State any two objectives of a supply chain.

  5. Why are supply chain decisions important?

  6. What are the main decision phases in a supply chain?

  7. What do you mean by process view of a supply chain?

  8. List the types of flows in a supply chain.

  9. What is material flow in SCM?

  10. Define information flow and money flow in a supply chain.

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain the concept of Supply Chain and Supply Chain Management with suitable examples.

  2. Describe the stages of a supply chain in detail.

  3. What are the objectives of a supply chain? Discuss how they help in improving efficiency.

  4. Explain the importance of supply chain decisions for business performance.

  5. Discuss in detail the three decision phases in a supply chain: strategic, tactical, and operational.

  6. Elaborate on the process view of a supply chain. How does it help in managing supply chain activities?

  7. Describe the three types of process flows in a supply chain — material flow, information flow, and money flow.

  8. Explain how coordination among supply chain stages enhances overall performance.

Application/Case-Based Questions:

  1. A company is struggling with delayed deliveries and stockouts. Identify which phase of the supply chain decision-making process might be the issue and suggest remedies.

  2. Explain how an imbalance in material and information flow can affect customer satisfaction.

  3. Illustrate with an example how efficient money flow can improve supplier relationships.

  4. A firm wants to expand globally. How should it redesign its supply chain stages to support this growth?

  5. Analyze the process flow of an e-commerce company like Amazon or Flipkart and explain how it maintains coordination between suppliers, warehouses, and customers.

1.2 Drivers of Supply Chain Performance – Facilities, Inventory, Transportation, Information, Sourcing, and Pricing

Short Answer Questions:

  1. What are the key drivers of supply chain performance?

  2. Define the role of facilities in supply chain management.

  3. What is inventory management in SCM?

  4. How does transportation affect supply chain performance?

  5. Mention two ways information acts as a driver in supply chain efficiency.

  6. What is sourcing in a supply chain context?

  7. How does pricing influence supply chain performance?

  8. Differentiate between responsive and efficient supply chains.

  9. State any two factors affecting facility location decisions.

  10. Why is information considered the backbone of modern supply chains?

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain the six drivers of supply chain performance in detail.

  2. Discuss how facilities and inventory decisions influence supply chain responsiveness.

  3. Describe the role of transportation and sourcing as performance drivers.

  4. Explain how pricing acts as a strategic driver in balancing supply and demand.

  5. How does effective information management improve supply chain visibility and decision-making?

  6. Analyze the interrelationship among facilities, inventory, and transportation in achieving supply chain efficiency.

  7. Compare the effect of each driver on cost and responsiveness trade-offs in a supply chain.

  8. Discuss how digitalization has changed the role of information as a supply chain driver.

Application/Case-Based Questions:

  1. A company is facing high logistics costs and low responsiveness. Which supply chain drivers should be optimized to solve this problem?

  2. Evaluate how a retail chain like Reliance Retail or D-Mart manages its inventory and facility network to maintain low prices and fast delivery.

  3. Suggest pricing and sourcing strategies for a startup entering the online grocery supply chain.

  4. Explain how real-time data sharing between suppliers and retailers enhances overall supply chain performance.

  5. A firm is deciding whether to set up more warehouses or increase transportation frequency. Which supply chain drivers are involved, and how should the decision be made?


UNIT 2 – Transportation, Sourcing and IT in Supply Chain

2.1 Role of Transportation in a Supply Chain, Modes of Transportation and Their Performance Characteristics, Transportation Infrastructure and Policies

Short Answer Questions:

  1. Define transportation in the context of a supply chain.

  2. What is the role of transportation in achieving supply chain efficiency?

  3. List different modes of transportation used in logistics.

  4. What are the performance characteristics of road transport?

  5. What factors affect the selection of a transportation mode?

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain the role of transportation in a supply chain with suitable examples.

  2. Discuss in detail various modes of transportation and their performance characteristics.

  3. Describe the impact of transportation infrastructure on supply chain performance.

  4. Explain how government transportation policies influence logistics decisions.

Application/Case-based Questions:

  1. A company wants to distribute goods across India. How would you decide the best transportation mode for perishable goods?

  2. Analyze how poor infrastructure affects supply chain costs and delivery times.

2.2 Role of Sourcing in a Supply Chain, In-House or Outsource, Third- and Fourth-Party Logistics Providers

Short Answer Questions:

  1. What is sourcing in supply chain management?

  2. Differentiate between in-house sourcing and outsourcing.

  3. Define Third-Party Logistics (3PL).

  4. What is Fourth-Party Logistics (4PL)?

  5. Mention two advantages of outsourcing logistics functions.

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain the role of sourcing in achieving supply chain efficiency.

  2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of in-house versus outsourced sourcing.

  3. Compare and contrast 3PL and 4PL providers with examples.

  4. Explain the strategic importance of sourcing decisions in supply chain management.

Application/Case-based Questions:

  1. A manufacturing company is planning to outsource its logistics. Recommend whether it should go for 3PL or 4PL and justify your choice.

  2. How does effective sourcing improve cost efficiency and customer satisfaction?

2.3 Role of IT in Sourcing

Short Answer Questions:

  1. Define the role of Information Technology (IT) in sourcing.

  2. What are e-procurement systems?

  3. Mention any two benefits of using IT in sourcing.

  4. What is supplier relationship management (SRM)?

  5. How does IT improve transparency in sourcing?

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain the role of IT in improving sourcing decisions and supplier coordination.

  2. Discuss the impact of digital technologies on global sourcing strategies.

  3. Describe various IT tools used in sourcing and supply chain management.

  4. How does IT integration enhance supply chain visibility and performance?

Application/Case-based Questions:

  1. A company uses manual sourcing methods and faces delays. Suggest IT solutions to overcome this issue.

  2. Evaluate how ERP systems can improve sourcing efficiency.

UNIT 3 – Logistics and Customer Service

3.1 Meaning, Basic Concepts of Logistics – Logistical Performance Cycle, Inbound, In-Process, Outbound Logistics

Short Answer Questions:

  1. Define logistics.

  2. What is the logistical performance cycle?

  3. Differentiate between inbound and outbound logistics.

  4. What is in-process logistics?

  5. Mention any two objectives of logistics.

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain the concept of logistics and its role in business operations.

  2. Describe the stages of the logistical performance cycle.

  3. Discuss inbound, in-process, and outbound logistics with examples.

  4. Explain how effective logistics improves overall supply chain performance.

Application/Case-based Questions:

  1. A company faces delays in raw material procurement. Identify which part of the logistics cycle is affected and suggest solutions.

  2. Illustrate how outbound logistics influences customer satisfaction.

3.2 Objectives, Importance, Scope, Functions (Logistics Mix), Changing Logistics Environment

Short Answer Questions:

  1. State any two objectives of logistics.

  2. Why is logistics important in modern business?

  3. What do you mean by logistics mix?

  4. List any four components of the logistics mix.

  5. Mention two recent changes in the logistics environment.

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain the objectives and importance of logistics.

  2. Discuss the scope of logistics in supply chain management.

  3. Describe the functions/components of logistics mix in detail.

  4. How has the logistics environment changed in recent years?

Application/Case-based Questions:

  1. Explain how globalization has changed the logistics environment.

  2. Suggest strategies for a company to adapt to changing logistics trends.

3.3 Customer Service – Key Element of Logistics

Short Answer Questions:

  1. What is customer service in logistics?

  2. State two objectives of customer service.

  3. List the elements of customer service.

  4. What are the different levels of customer service?

  5. What are the rights of customers?

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Explain why customer service is a key element of logistics.

  2. Discuss the objectives and elements of customer service in detail.

  3. Describe the levels of customer service and their importance in supply chain management.

  4. Explain the rights of customers and how logistics supports them.

Application/Case-based Questions:

  1. A company’s delivery delays are causing customer dissatisfaction. Suggest improvements in logistics to enhance service quality.

  2. Analyze the relationship between customer service and brand loyalty in logistics.



UNIT 4 – Global Logistics and IT in Supply Chain Management

4.1 Role of Information Technology in Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Short Answer Questions (Remembering / Understanding – 2 Marks each)

  1. Define Information Technology (IT) in the context of supply chain management.

  2. What is the role of IT in logistics operations?

  3. Mention any two IT tools commonly used in logistics.

  4. What do you mean by supply chain visibility?

  5. Define Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

  6. State two benefits of IT-enabled logistics.

  7. What is the importance of real-time information in logistics?

  8. What is an ERP system?

  9. Mention two examples of IT applications in warehouse management.

  10. Define logistics information system (LIS).

Long Answer Questions (Applying / Analyzing – 5 to 10 Marks)

  1. Explain the role of Information Technology in improving logistics and supply chain coordination.

  2. Discuss the key IT systems used in logistics – EDI, ERP, and Warehouse Management Systems (WMS).

  3. How does IT enhance supply chain visibility and decision-making?

  4. Describe how automation and digital tools improve transportation and inventory management.

  5. Evaluate the impact of IT on reducing supply chain costs and improving customer satisfaction.

  6. Discuss the challenges in implementing IT systems in logistics.

  7. Explain how data analytics and Artificial Intelligence are transforming modern supply chains.

Application / Case-Based Questions (Analyzing / Evaluating – 10 Marks)

  1. A logistics firm wants to improve its tracking and delivery accuracy. Suggest IT-based solutions.

  2. Evaluate how ERP integration has helped companies like Amazon or DHL in achieving operational excellence.

  3. A manufacturer still uses manual systems for inventory control. Recommend IT tools to improve accuracy and efficiency.

4.2 Managing the Global Supply Chain, Impact of Globalization on Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Short Answer Questions

  1. Define a global supply chain.

  2. What is meant by globalization in logistics?

  3. Mention two benefits of managing a global supply chain.

  4. What are global sourcing and global distribution?

  5. State any two challenges in managing global supply chains.

  6. What is the importance of standardization in global logistics?

  7. What is meant by cross-border logistics?

  8. List two strategies for managing global supply chain risk.

  9. Define international trade logistics.

  10. What are trade barriers?

Long Answer Questions

  1. Explain the concept and characteristics of a global supply chain.

  2. Discuss the impact of globalization on logistics and supply chain management.

  3. Describe the major challenges in managing a global supply chain.

  4. Explain how global sourcing and outsourcing strategies influence logistics performance.

  5. Analyze how global trade policies and agreements affect supply chain decisions.

  6. Discuss the importance of managing global suppliers and transportation networks.

  7. Evaluate the role of technology in managing global supply chain operations.

Application / Case-Based Questions

  1. A company wants to expand into global markets. Suggest steps to design an effective global supply chain.

  2. Analyze how globalization has changed the sourcing and distribution strategies of multinational firms.

  3. Identify the challenges faced by exporters due to global logistics complexities and suggest measures to overcome them.

4.3 Global Logistics Trends, Global Issues and Challenges in Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Short Answer Questions

  1. List any two recent global trends in logistics.

  2. What is green logistics?

  3. Define reverse logistics.

  4. Mention two technological trends shaping global logistics.

  5. What is the significance of sustainability in global logistics?

  6. What are the main global challenges in logistics management?

  7. Define supply chain resilience.

  8. What do you mean by logistics cost optimization?

  9. Mention two environmental issues affecting global logistics.

  10. What is digital transformation in global supply chains?

Long Answer Questions

  1. Explain major global trends influencing logistics and supply chain management today.

  2. Discuss environmental and ethical issues in global logistics operations.

  3. Analyze the role of sustainability and green practices in global logistics.

  4. Evaluate the challenges of managing logistics in volatile global markets.

  5. Explain how digitalization, automation, and AI are shaping global logistics trends.

  6. Discuss the impact of geopolitical tensions and trade wars on global supply chains.

  7. Compare pre-globalization and post-globalization supply chain challenges.

Application / Case-Based Questions

  1. Global disruptions such as pandemics or conflicts affect supply chain continuity. Suggest strategies to build resilience.

  2. Evaluate how a multinational company like Apple or Tesla manages global logistics challenges.

  3. A company faces delays due to customs regulations. Recommend steps to ensure smooth global logistics operations.

4.4 Overview of e-Supply Chain and e-Logistics

Short Answer Questions

  1. Define e-supply chain.

  2. What is e-logistics?

  3. Mention two advantages of e-supply chain systems.

  4. What is the role of the Internet in supply chain management?

  5. Define electronic procurement (e-procurement).

  6. State two differences between traditional and e-supply chains.

  7. What are online tracking systems?

  8. Mention any two components of e-logistics.

  9. What is cloud-based logistics management?

  10. Define digital integration in supply chains.

Long Answer Questions

  1. Explain the concept and importance of e-supply chain management.

  2. Describe the components and working of e-logistics systems.

  3. Discuss the advantages and limitations of e-logistics.

  4. Analyze how e-supply chains improve efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness.

  5. Explain the technologies enabling e-logistics – IoT, RFID, GPS, and cloud computing.

  6. Compare traditional supply chains with e-supply chains in terms of cost, speed, and flexibility.

  7. Evaluate how e-logistics supports customer satisfaction and real-time decision-making.

Application / Case-Based Questions

  1. An e-commerce company wants to strengthen its e-logistics operations. Suggest digital tools and methods.

  2. Analyze how Flipkart or Amazon uses e-supply chain systems for efficiency and customer satisfaction.

  3. A startup faces delays due to lack of coordination between suppliers and transporters. Suggest e-supply chain solutions to resolve this.


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Tuesday, October 28, 2025

Question Bank : International Business Environment

Question Bank (As per Blooms Taxonomy) 


UNIT 1: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

1.1 Meaning, Characteristics, Scope, and Significance of Business Environment

Remembering

  • Define business environment.

  • List the characteristics of the business environment.

  • State the scope of business environment.

Understanding

  • Explain why understanding the business environment is important for managers.

  • Differentiate between internal and external environment of business.

Applying

  • Illustrate how changes in the business environment affect managerial decisions.

  • Give examples of how organizations adapt to changes in business environment.

Analyzing

  • Examine the interrelationship between economic, social, and technological factors in shaping business environment.

  • Analyze how a turbulent business environment affects business strategies.

Evaluating

  • Critically assess the significance of studying the business environment for long-term business planning.

  • Evaluate the extent to which business success depends on environmental scanning.

1.2 Components of Business Environment: Micro and Macro Environment

Remembering

  • Identify the components of the micro environment.

  • State the factors of macro environment.

Understanding

  • Describe how the micro environment influences business decisions.

  • Explain with examples the role of macro-environmental factors (PESTLE).

Applying

  • Apply the concept of micro and macro environment to a company of your choice.

  • Show how inflation or technological advancement impacts business operations.

Analyzing

  • Analyze how suppliers, competitors, and customers influence a firm’s strategies.

  • Compare and contrast micro and macro environmental forces with suitable examples.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate which macro factors have the greatest impact on business growth in India.

  • Critically judge the importance of environmental monitoring for sustainable development.

1.3 Analysis of Business Environment: SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Model

Remembering

  • What is SWOT analysis?

  • State the five forces in Porter’s Model.

Understanding

  • Explain the purpose of conducting a SWOT analysis.

  • Describe how Porter’s Five Forces Model helps in industry analysis.

Applying

  • Apply SWOT analysis to a company (e.g., Reliance Jio, TATA Motors).

  • Use Porter’s Five Forces to analyze the competition in the smartphone industry.

Analyzing

  • Analyze how internal strengths and weaknesses interact with external opportunities and threats.

  • Examine how Porter’s Model assists managers in formulating competitive strategies.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the effectiveness of SWOT analysis compared to Porter’s Model.

  • Critically evaluate the limitations of using Porter’s Five Forces in dynamic markets.

UNIT 2: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

2.1 Importance, Nature, and Scope of International Business

Remembering

  • Define international business.

  • State any three features of international business.

Understanding

  • Explain the importance of international business in today’s global economy.

  • Discuss the scope of international business activities.

Applying

  • Illustrate with examples how globalization influences international business.

  • Apply the concept of international business to emerging markets.

Analyzing

  • Analyze how international business contributes to national economic development.

  • Compare domestic business and international business in terms of risk and scale.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the role of international business in promoting global integration.

  • Critically assess whether globalization benefits developing countries.

2.2 Modes of Entry into International Business; Internationalization Process

Remembering

  • List the modes of entry into international business.

  • Define licensing and franchising.

Understanding

  • Explain the stages of the internationalization process.

  • Describe the advantages and disadvantages of joint ventures.

Applying

  • Apply the concept of export and licensing to a real company example.

  • Show how a small firm can expand internationally using franchising.

Analyzing

  • Analyze how the choice of entry mode depends on market conditions.

  • Compare direct and indirect exporting strategies.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate which mode of entry is most suitable for Indian startups.

  • Critically assess the challenges firms face during internationalization.

2.3 Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and Issues in Foreign Investment

Remembering

  • Define Multinational Corporation.

  • List the characteristics of MNCs.

Understanding

  • Explain the role of MNCs in international trade.

  • Describe the challenges of foreign investment in developing countries.

Applying

  • Illustrate the role of MNCs in India’s economic growth.

  • Apply the concept of FDI using a case study of an Indian sector.

Analyzing

  • Analyze how MNCs influence domestic industries.

  • Examine issues such as repatriation of profits, taxation, and ethics in foreign investment.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of MNCs for host countries.

  • Critically judge whether MNCs promote sustainable development.

2.4 Technology Transfer, Pricing & Regulations, and Strategic Alliances

Remembering

  • Define technology transfer.

  • State the meaning of strategic alliance.

Understanding

  • Explain different methods of technology transfer.

  • Describe how pricing policies differ in international markets.

Applying

  • Apply examples of successful international alliances (e.g., Star Alliance, Renault-Nissan).

  • Show how regulations affect technology transfer in developing countries.

Analyzing

  • Analyze the role of government in regulating foreign technology and pricing.

  • Examine how strategic alliances enhance competitive advantage.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the ethical and regulatory issues in international technology transfer.

  • Critically assess the long-term sustainability of global strategic alliances.

UNIT 3: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Economic and Political Environments

Remembering

  • Define political environment.

  • State key elements of the economic environment.

Understanding

  • Explain how political stability affects international business.

  • Discuss the impact of fiscal and monetary policies on trade.

Applying

  • Illustrate with examples how political risk impacts investment decisions.

  • Apply economic indicators to analyze an emerging market.

Analyzing

  • Analyze the influence of political systems on business operations.

  • Compare liberal and restrictive trade policies of different nations.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the effectiveness of government interventions in promoting international trade.

  • Critically assess the risks of doing business in politically unstable countries.

3.2 Cultural and Legal Environments

Remembering

  • What is culture in international business?

  • List components of the legal environment.

Understanding

  • Explain how cultural differences affect communication in business.

  • Describe the role of legal systems in regulating international trade.

Applying

  • Apply Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to a cross-border business example.

  • Show how understanding legal norms helps companies avoid disputes.

Analyzing

  • Analyze how cultural values influence negotiation styles.

  • Examine conflicts arising from differing legal systems in trade.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the importance of cultural adaptability for international managers.

  • Critically assess how legal harmonization can facilitate global trade.

3.3 Technological and Competitive Environments

Remembering

  • Define technological environment.

  • List types of international competition.

Understanding

  • Explain the role of technology in shaping international business.

  • Discuss the effects of innovation on global competitiveness.

Applying

  • Apply examples of how technology improves supply chain efficiency.

  • Show how digitalization helps firms enter foreign markets.

Analyzing

  • Analyze how technological changes disrupt global business models.

  • Compare competitive strategies of leading global firms.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the impact of AI and automation on international business.

  • Critically assess whether technological change widens the gap between developed and developing countries.

3.4 Framework for Analyzing International Business Environment

Remembering

  • Identify the main components of international business environment analysis.

  • Define environmental scanning.

Understanding

  • Explain the steps involved in analyzing international business environment.

  • Describe frameworks like PESTLE and CAGE.

Applying

  • Apply PESTLE analysis to assess an international market (e.g., ASEAN region).

  • Use environmental scanning to identify global business opportunities.

Analyzing

  • Analyze interconnections among political, economic, and cultural environments.

  • Compare different frameworks for global environment analysis.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the usefulness of analytical frameworks in strategic decision-making.

  • Critically assess the limitations of environmental analysis models.


UNIT 4: INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND AGREEMENTS

4.1 WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) – Role & Functions

Remembering

  • What does WTO stand for?

  • List any four functions of the WTO.

  • State the objectives of the WTO.

Understanding

  • Explain the role of WTO in promoting global trade.

  • Discuss the principles on which the WTO operates (MFN & National Treatment).

  • Describe how WTO differs from GATT.

Applying

  • Illustrate with an example how WTO helps settle trade disputes between nations.

  • Apply the concept of WTO agreements to India’s agricultural sector.

Analyzing

  • Analyze the impact of WTO policies on developing countries.

  • Compare the advantages and disadvantages of WTO membership for India.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the effectiveness of WTO in ensuring fair trade practices.

  • Critically assess whether the WTO truly benefits developing nations.

4.2 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) – Role & Functions

Remembering

  • Define IMF.

  • Mention the main objectives of the IMF.

  • State any two functions of the IMF.

Understanding

  • Explain the role of IMF in maintaining global financial stability.

  • Discuss the concept of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs).

  • Describe how IMF provides assistance to member countries.

Applying

  • Apply IMF’s role in stabilizing a country facing a balance of payments crisis (e.g., Sri Lanka, Greece).

  • Illustrate how IMF conditionality affects borrower nations.

Analyzing

  • Analyze the criticisms leveled against IMF’s lending policies.

  • Compare the functioning of IMF and World Bank.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the relevance of IMF in the present global economic system.

  • Critically assess whether IMF policies promote or hinder sustainable development.

4.3 WORLD BANK – Role & Functions

Remembering

  • What is the World Bank?

  • Name the institutions that form the World Bank Group.

  • State the primary objective of the World Bank.

Understanding

  • Explain the role of the World Bank in promoting economic development.

  • Describe how the World Bank supports infrastructure and poverty reduction programs.

  • Discuss the difference between IBRD and IDA.

Applying

  • Apply the World Bank’s role in financing development projects in India.

  • Show how World Bank policies influence developing economies.

Analyzing

  • Analyze the impact of World Bank loans on national economic sovereignty.

  • Compare the roles of World Bank and IMF in developing countries.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the effectiveness of World Bank projects in reducing global poverty.

  • Critically assess the environmental and social implications of World Bank-funded projects.

4.4 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) – Meaning & Modes

Remembering

  • Define Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

  • List any three modes of FDI.

  • State the difference between FDI and FPI.

Understanding

  • Explain the importance of FDI for developing countries.

  • Describe different forms/modes of FDI (Joint Venture, Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Mergers & Acquisitions, etc.).

  • Discuss the role of government policies in attracting FDI.

Applying

  • Apply the concept of FDI to India’s automobile or telecom sector.

  • Illustrate how FDI contributes to employment generation and technology transfer.

Analyzing

  • Analyze the factors influencing FDI inflows into emerging economies.

  • Compare FDI policies of India and China.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate the impact of FDI on host and home countries.

  • Critically assess whether FDI leads to economic dependence or development.

✅ Optional Add-On Section for Unit 4 (Extended Coverage)

International Agreements and Economic Cooperation
(for higher-level understanding / university pattern)

Remembering

  • Name any two major international trade agreements under WTO.

  • State what is meant by a bilateral trade agreement.

Understanding

  • Explain the significance of regional trade agreements (RTAs) such as ASEAN or EU.

Applying

  • Apply the concept of trade liberalization to India’s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs).

Analyzing

  • Analyze how multilateral agreements impact national trade policies.

Evaluating

  • Evaluate whether regional agreements strengthen or weaken the global multilateral system.


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